DDVL Course: Eligibility, Fees, Colleges & Career Scope 2026
The Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL) is a postgraduate medical diploma designed for MBBS graduates who wish to specialize in skin diseases, sexually transmitted infections, and leprosy. Skin-related problems are among the most common health issues in India, affecting people across all age groups. From acne and fungal infections to chronic conditions like psoriasis and vitiligo, dermatology plays a major role in day-to-day medical practice.
This diploma course focuses on building strong clinical skills. Students learn how to examine patients, identify skin conditions, order appropriate investigations, and provide effective treatment. Along with dermatology, the course also covers venereology, which deals with sexually transmitted diseases, and leprology, which focuses on leprosy—still an important public health concern in India.
DDVL is often chosen by doctors who want a shorter, practical alternative to MD Dermatology. The course duration is usually two years, making it a time-efficient option. During the training period, students get extensive exposure to OPDs, wards, and minor procedures. By the end of the course, most graduates are confident enough to manage common dermatological cases independently.
Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL) Admission Alerts 2026🔔
Admissions for DDVL 2026 are usually available through NEET PG-based counselling in most government, private, and deemed medical colleges across India. Since DDVL is a postgraduate diploma for MBBS graduates, candidates should closely follow the admission and counselling schedules of central counselling, state counselling, and institute-level notifications.
Major Admission Updates 2026
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NEET PG 2026 is the primary gateway for DDVL admission in most colleges and universities.
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MCC counselling is expected to handle seats in deemed and central institutions after the NEET PG result.
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State counselling authorities will fill DDVL seats in government and private medical colleges under the state quota.
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Some reputed institutes may also release separate admission notices for PG diploma programs.
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Candidates must complete their MBBS degree and internship before the final admission date.
Institute-Wise Admission Alerts
| Institute / Authority | Admission Status 2026 | Expected Timeline | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) | Admission through PG medical counselling | Post NEET PG result | Seat availability may vary by session and institute |
| PGIMER Chandigarh | Separate institute-level process | As per official notice | Highly competitive with limited seats |
| MCC Counselling | For deemed and central universities | After NEET PG results | Requires online registration and choice filling |
| State Medical Counselling Authorities | For state quota DDVL seats | After NEET PG result | Dates vary by state |
| Private Medical Colleges | Merit and counselling-based admission | Around the same cycle as NEET PG | Fees are generally higher than government colleges |
What is DDVL?
The Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy is a recognized postgraduate diploma in the medical field. It is designed to train doctors in diagnosing and treating diseases related to skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes, along with sexually transmitted infections and leprosy.
The course combines theoretical knowledge with hands-on clinical exposure. Students learn about skin anatomy, pathology, microbiology, and immunology as they relate to dermatological diseases. Equal importance is given to patient examination, history taking, and treatment planning.
Unlike cosmetic-only courses, DDVL focuses strongly on medical dermatology. However, students are also introduced to basic cosmetic procedures such as chemical peels and cryotherapy. This balanced approach helps doctors manage both disease-based and aesthetic concerns.
DDVL is offered by government and private medical colleges approved by regulatory authorities. The curriculum is structured to meet national healthcare needs, especially in managing common skin infections, STIs, and leprosy cases seen in Indian hospitals.
Read More: Diploma in Medical Radio Diagnosis (DMRD): Course, Admission, Fees, Scope & Career
Why Choose Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy?
Dermatology is one of the most sought-after medical specialties due to its growing demand and relatively balanced work-life routine. Skin problems are increasing because of pollution, stress, lifestyle changes, and rising awareness about personal appearance. This has created a steady demand for trained dermatology professionals.
One of the main reasons to choose DDVL is its shorter duration. Compared to MD Dermatology, which takes three years, DDVL can be completed in two years. This allows doctors to start practicing earlier and gain experience sooner.
Another advantage is the strong clinical exposure. DDVL students spend most of their time in OPDs, examining real patients and learning practical management. This makes the transition to independent practice smoother.
The course also offers flexibility. Graduates can work in hospitals, start private clinics, or pursue additional training in cosmetic dermatology. For doctors looking for early career stability with good earning potential, DDVL is a practical choice.
Top Colleges for Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL) in India
DDVL is offered by a limited number of government and private medical colleges across India. Since seats are few, admission is highly competitive and largely based on NEET PG rank. Below is a curated list of top colleges offering DDVL, split by type and key details.
Top Government and Central Medical Colleges for DDVL
Top Private and Deemed Universities for DDVL
Eligibility Criteria for DDVL
To apply for the Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL), candidates must meet certain eligibility requirements:
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Educational Qualification: Candidates must have an MBBS degree from a recognized medical college in India or abroad. The degree should be approved by the relevant medical authority.
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Internship Completion: Candidates must have completed their compulsory rotating internship. Proof of internship completion is required at the time of admission or counseling.
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Medical Registration: Applicants must be registered with the Medical Council of India (MCI) or the respective State Medical Council.
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Entrance Examination: Admission is typically based on NEET PG scores. Some states may conduct their own counseling, but NEET PG qualification is generally mandatory.
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Cut-off Criteria: Entrance cut-offs vary each year depending on the number of applicants and available seats.
Note: Meeting the eligibility criteria does not guarantee admission, as seat allocation depends on rank, category, and choice of college.
Admission Process for DDVL
The admission process for DDVL is structured and competitive. Here’s a step-by-step overview:
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Qualify in NEET PG: Candidates must appear for and qualify in the NEET PG examination.
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Register for Counseling: After results are announced, candidates register for centralized or state-level counseling.
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Choice Filling: Candidates submit their preferred colleges and courses during counseling.
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Seat Allotment: Seats are allotted based on entrance rank, reservation category, and seat availability.
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Document Verification: Candidates must report to the allotted college for document verification.
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Admission Formalities: After verification, candidates complete admission procedures, including fee payment. Failure to report on time may lead to seat cancellation.
Tip: Keep all documents ready in advance and carefully follow the counseling schedule to avoid last-minute issues.
Duration of Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy
The duration of the DDVL course is generally two academic years. During this period, students undergo structured training in dermatology, venereology, and leprology.
The two-year duration is divided into clinical postings, classroom teaching, seminars, and examinations. Students are required to attend OPDs daily, manage patients under supervision, and participate in ward duties.
This duration is considered sufficient to gain practical knowledge of common and important skin conditions. Compared to longer postgraduate degrees, the shorter duration helps doctors enter the workforce earlier while still acquiring essential skills.
Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL): Syllabus
The DDVL syllabus is designed to build strong clinical knowledge in dermatology, venereology, and leprology, with a heavy focus on patient examination, diagnosis, treatment planning, and practical OPD-based training. It also includes allied basic sciences so that students understand the structure and function of human skin before moving into disease management.
| Subject Area | Key Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| Allied Basic Sciences | Structure and development of human skin, ultrastructural aspects of epidermis, dermis, and skin appendages, skin physiology, and basic histology |
| Dermatology | Common and chronic skin disorders, inflammatory diseases, infections, pigmentary disorders, hair and nail diseases, drug reactions, and skin manifestations of systemic illness docthub+1 |
| Venereology | Sexually transmitted infections, diagnosis, treatment, counselling, partner management, HIV-related skin conditions, and prevention strategies |
| Leprology | Epidemiology of leprosy, clinical classification, diagnosis, multidrug therapy, reactions, deformities, rehabilitation, and public health control measures docthub+1 |
| Therapeutics | Topical and systemic therapy in dermatology, treatment protocols for STIs, and drug use in leprosy management |
| Clinical Skills | History taking, lesion examination, differential diagnosis, case presentation, and treatment planning |
Practical and Clinical Training
DDVL Syllabus Year-Wise Focus
Diploma in Dermatology after MBBS
For MBBS graduates, a Diploma in Dermatology is one of the most practical routes to enter the field of skin, hair, nail, and sexually transmitted disease management. In India, the most recognized path in this category is the Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL), which is a postgraduate medical diploma designed specifically for MBBS doctors. The course usually lasts two years and focuses more on clinical training and hands-on patient management than on academic research.
Why MBBS Graduates Choose It
Many doctors choose a diploma in dermatology after MBBS because it offers a shorter and more practice-oriented alternative to MD Dermatology. The course allows candidates to enter dermatology practice earlier, gain strong OPD exposure, and build confidence in diagnosing common skin diseases, STIs, and leprosy-related conditions. For doctors who want an early clinical start, private practice potential, and a specialty with relatively balanced working hours, this diploma remains an attractive option.
Eligibility and Admission
The standard eligibility requirement is an MBBS degree from a recognized medical college, along with completion of the compulsory rotating internship before admission or joining. Admission is generally based on NEET PG, followed by centralized or state-level counselling in most medical colleges offering DDVL seats. Some institutions may also mention merit-based or institute-level processes, but the mainstream route remains NEET PG-linked.
Career Scope after the Diploma
After completing the diploma, MBBS doctors can work in dermatology OPDs, private hospitals, district hospitals, STI clinics, leprosy-control programs, and independent skin clinics. Some doctors also pursue additional training in cosmetic dermatology, trichology, or aesthetic medicine to widen their career options. Compared with general medical practice, dermatology often offers stronger specialization value, better patient retention, and more stable long-term earning potential.
Diploma in Dermatology after BAMS
For BAMS graduates, the path to dermatology is different from the MBBS route. A BAMS degree holder is not generally eligible for DDVL or other NMC-regulated postgraduate medical diplomas meant for MBBS graduates, because those programs are designed specifically for allopathic medical graduates. However, BAMS doctors can still pursue dermatology-related diploma, certificate, fellowship, and clinical training courses offered by private institutes, skill academies, and integrative medicine platforms.
What BAMS Graduates Can Actually Pursue
After BAMS, candidates usually opt for clinical dermatology diplomas, cosmetology diplomas, trichology courses, aesthetic medicine programs, and certificate courses in skin and hair care rather than DDVL. These programs are usually shorter, ranging from 3 months to 1 year, and are focused on practical management of common skin disorders, hair fall, pigmentation issues, acne care, fungal infections, and cosmetic procedures. They are useful for BAMS practitioners who want to add a dermatology-oriented service line to their clinic practice.
Why This Route Is Popular among BAMS Graduates
BAMS doctors often choose dermatology-related diploma courses because skin and hair complaints are common in everyday clinical practice. Conditions such as acne, eczema, dandruff, pigmentation, hair fall, and fungal infections are frequently seen in OPD settings, and additional dermatology training can help BAMS practitioners manage these cases with greater confidence. Cosmetic and trichology-focused courses are especially popular because they align well with preventive care, lifestyle-based consultation, and outpatient practice models.
Important Limitation to Understand
The most important point is that BAMS graduates should not assume that a dermatology diploma after BAMS is equivalent to DDVL or MD Dermatology. DDVL is a postgraduate medical diploma meant for MBBS graduates under the allopathic system, whereas most dermatology courses after BAMS are private professional or skill-based programs and may not carry the same academic or regulatory standing. This distinction is important for career planning, patient communication, and legal scope of practice.
Career Scope after Dermatology Courses for BAMS Graduates
After completing a dermatology-related course, BAMS practitioners often work in skin and hair clinics, wellness centers, aesthetic clinics, and integrative healthcare setups. Some combine Ayurvedic treatment principles with skin-focused consultation, while others move more toward cosmetology, trichology, and non-invasive skin-care services. The best opportunities are usually in private practice, urban wellness clinics, and cosmetic consultation settings rather than hospital-based dermatology departments.
DDVL vs DNB in DVL (Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy)
DDVL and DNB in DVL are both postgraduate qualifications in dermatology, but they differ in structure, recognition, and career scope. Choosing between them depends on your long‑term goals in teaching, research, and practice.
DDVL vs DNB DVL: Key Differences
| Aspect | DDVL | DNB in DVL |
|---|---|---|
| Full Form | Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy | Diplomate of National Board – Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy |
| Degree Type | Diploma (2 years) | Postgraduate degree (3 years; 2 years after PG‑diploma for secondary DNB) |
| Duration | 2 years | 3 years (standard path) or 2 years after an eligible PG‑diploma |
| Recognition | Recognized but often treated as lower equivalence than DNB/MD | Equivalent to MD; accepted for teaching and some government posts |
| Academic Depth | More clinical‑oriented, less thesis requirement | Stronger academic and research component, thesis‑based |
| Entrance | NEET PG‑based counselling | NEET PG + DNB‑specific entrance and regulations |
| Teaching Eligibility | Limited; not accepted as teaching qualification in many institutions | Eligible as teaching qualification where DNB is accepted |
| Fee Structure | Lower, especially in government colleges | Comparable but may be higher in private institutes |
| Examination | University/college‑based exams | Centralized DNB exams conducted by National Board |
| Best For | Doctors wanting early practice and clinical exposure | Doctors aiming for teaching, research, or higher‑status posts |
DDVL vs DVD (Diploma in Venereology and Dermatology)
DVD is a narrow, mostly venereology‑focused diploma, while DDVL is broader, covering dermatology, venereology, and leprosy. Understanding the difference helps you choose the right specialization for your career.
DDVL vs DVD: Key Differences
| Aspect | DDVL | DVD |
|---|---|---|
| Full Form | Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy | Diploma in Venereology and Dermatology |
| Scope | Skin, STIs, and leprosy covered | Primarily STIs and related dermatology |
| Duration | 2 years | 1–2 years (varies by institute) |
| Clinical Focus | Broad dermatology OPD, STI, leprosy | STI‑centric practice with some dermatology |
| Career Path | Dermatology clinics, cosmetic dermatology, dermatology‑STI practice | Leprosy‑control and STI‑focused roles |
| Recognition | Wider recognition as a general dermatology‑oriented course | Niche, mainly for venereology and public‑health programs |
| Teaching Value | Moderate; supports clinical teaching positions | Limited teaching scope |
| Best For | General dermatology and cosmetic practice | Doctors interested in STI‑prevention and public‑health programs |
Difference Between DDVL and MD Dermatology
DDVL and MD Dermatology are both postgraduate qualifications in dermatology, but they differ in duration, depth, and academic scope.
DDVL is a diploma course with a strong clinical focus. It is ideal for doctors who want to start practice early. MD Dermatology, on the other hand, is a degree course with deeper academic and research exposure.
While both allow clinical practice, MD holders have better opportunities in teaching, research, and senior academic roles.
| Feature | DDVL | MD Dermatology |
|---|---|---|
| Course Type | Diploma | Degree |
| Duration | 2 years | 3 years |
| Focus | Clinical practice | Clinical + academic |
| Teaching Eligibility | Limited | Strong |
| Entry Difficulty | Moderate | High |
| Career Start | Earlier | Slightly delayed |
Skills You Learn During DDVL
The DDVL course focuses heavily on practical and patient-oriented skills. By the end of the training, doctors are well prepared to handle common and many complex dermatological cases independently. The skills learned are not limited to diagnosis alone but also include treatment planning, patient counseling, and minor procedures.
One of the most important skills developed during DDVL is clinical diagnosis. Students learn how to identify skin diseases through visual examination, history taking, and basic investigations. Since many skin conditions look similar, this skill improves gradually with continuous OPD exposure.
Another key area is procedural dermatology. Students are trained in simple yet commonly used procedures that are essential in daily practice. Communication skills are also emphasized, especially while dealing with sexually transmitted infections, where privacy and sensitivity are crucial.
| Skill Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Clinical Diagnosis | Identifying skin, hair, nail, STI, and leprosy conditions |
| Patient Examination | History taking, lesion examination, systemic correlation |
| Procedural Skills | Skin biopsy, cryotherapy, cautery, intralesional injections |
| Treatment Planning | Topical, systemic, and long-term disease management |
| Counseling Skills | STI counseling, chronic disease guidance, lifestyle advice |
| Public Health Skills | Leprosy surveillance, STI prevention awareness |
These skills help DDVL graduates build confidence early in their careers.
Career Options After DDVL
After completing DDVL, doctors have multiple career options depending on their interests and experience. The diploma allows graduates to work in both clinical and public health settings.
Most DDVL graduates choose clinical practice. They either join existing dermatology clinics or start their own skin practice. Since skin diseases are common, even small clinics receive steady patient flow.
Another popular option is working in government or private hospitals. DDVL doctors are often employed in district hospitals, medical colleges (non-teaching roles), and private multi-specialty hospitals.
With additional training, many doctors move into cosmetic dermatology, which includes procedures like chemical peels, laser treatments, and aesthetic care. Some graduates also work in national health programs related to STIs and leprosy.
| Career Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Private Skin Clinic | Independent practice with OPD-based income |
| Hospital Dermatologist | Work in government or private hospitals |
| Cosmetic Dermatology | Aesthetic clinics after additional training |
| Public Health Sector | STI and leprosy control programs |
| Medical Advisor | Pharma companies, skin-care brands |
Jobs and Salary After DDVL
DDVL graduates have strong career opportunities in both the public and private sectors, including hospitals, clinics, and cosmetic dermatology centers. The average salary varies by experience, sector, and location.
Job Roles After DDVL
| Job Role | Description |
|---|---|
| Medical Dermatologist | Diagnose and treat common and chronic skin diseases in hospitals and OPD settings |
| Cosmetic Dermatologist | Provide aesthetic services such as chemical peels, laser treatments, and skin‑rejuvenation after additional training |
| Venereologist | Manage STIs, provide counselling, and participate in public‑health STI‑prevention programs |
| Leprologist | Handle leprosy cases in government programs, district hospitals, and leprosy‑control projects |
| Dermatology Consultant | Senior clinician in private hospitals or multi‑specialty centers, leading dermatology services |
| Clinical Assistant / Visiting Physician | Junior roles in hospitals or private clinics under supervision |
| Dermatology Professor / Lecturer | Teaching and academic roles where DDVL is accepted or combined with further qualifications |
| Medical Advisor (Skin‑Care Industry) | Work with pharmaceutical or cosmetic companies advising on product development and safety |
Average Salary After DDVL
Challenges in DDVL Course
Despite its advantages, DDVL comes with certain challenges. One major issue is limited seats, which makes admission highly competitive.
The high patient load in government hospitals can be physically demanding. Students often handle large OPDs daily, which requires stamina and focus.
Another challenge is the rapid evolution of dermatology treatments. Continuous learning is essential even after completing the diploma.
However, these challenges also help students become clinically strong and confident.
Advantages of Pursuing DDVL
DDVL offers several advantages, especially for doctors seeking early specialization. The shorter duration allows faster entry into professional practice.
The course provides extensive hands-on training, which is essential for dermatology. Compared to many other specialties, dermatology also offers a better work-life balance.
| Advantage | Benefit |
|---|---|
| Short Duration | Early career start |
| High Patient Demand | Steady practice |
| Clinical Focus | Practical confidence |
| Career Flexibility | Hospital, clinic, cosmetic work |
Who Should Choose DDVL?
DDVL is ideal for doctors who enjoy visual diagnosis and patient interaction. Those interested in skin diseases, long-term patient care, and OPD-based practice will find this course rewarding.
It suits doctors who want a balanced professional life without emergency-heavy duties. Candidates aiming for early financial stability also benefit from this course.
Doctors not inclined toward academic research but strong in clinical work often prefer DDVL.
Future Scope of Dermatology and Venereology
The future of dermatology is strong and stable. Increasing pollution, lifestyle disorders, cosmetic awareness, and stress-related skin conditions continue to raise demand.
Venereology remains important due to STI prevention programs and public health initiatives. Leprosy management also continues under national health missions.
With skill upgrades, DDVL doctors can maintain long-term career growth.
Tips to Succeed in DDVL
Success in DDVL depends on consistent clinical exposure and learning. Regular OPD attendance is crucial.
Doctors should read standard dermatology textbooks, attend workshops, and observe senior dermatologists closely. Learning patient communication is equally important.
| Tip | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Attend OPDs Daily | Improve diagnostic skills |
| Maintain Case Notes | Better clinical understanding |
| Learn Procedures | Build hands-on confidence |
| Attend Conferences | Stay updated |
| Improve Counseling | Patient trust and retention |
FAQs
Is DDVL a good career option?
Yes, DDVL offers strong clinical exposure, early independent practice, stable income, and long-term growth in dermatology and venereology.
Can DDVL doctors do cosmetic dermatology?
Yes, DDVL doctors can practice cosmetic dermatology after gaining hands-on training and certification in aesthetic procedures and technologies.
Is DDVL recognized in India?
Yes, DDVL is officially recognized in India when completed from medical colleges approved by the relevant regulatory authorities.
Can I open my own clinic after DDVL?
Yes, DDVL graduates are legally allowed to start independent dermatology clinics and manage patients after completing the course.
Is NEET PG mandatory for DDVL?
Yes, qualifying NEET PG is generally mandatory for admission to DDVL courses through centralized or state-level counseling.
What is the duration of DDVL?
The Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy usually has a fixed duration of two academic years.
Is leprosy still relevant in practice?
Yes, leprosy cases are still encountered in India, particularly in public health programs and government hospitals.
Can DDVL doctors work in government hospitals?
Yes, DDVL-qualified doctors can work in government hospitals, district health centers, and national disease control programs.
Is DDVL easier than MD Dermatology?
DDVL is shorter and more practice-oriented, but it still requires strong clinical knowledge and consistent academic effort.
Does DDVL have good future scope?
Yes, rising skin disorders, cosmetic awareness, and STI management ensure a strong and stable future for DDVL professionals.
Q: What is the average DDVL course fee in India for 2026?
The average DDVL course fee in India for 2026 ranges from ₹50,000 to ₹5,00,000 per annum, depending on the institution. Government colleges typically have lower fees, around ₹50,000-₹1,50,000, while private institutions can charge upwards of ₹2,00,000 to ₹5,00,000. This 2-year Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy offers excellent value for a specialized medical qualification.
Q: What are the eligibility criteria for Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL) in India?
To be eligible for the Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL) in India, candidates must possess an MBBS degree from a Medical Council of India (MCI) recognized institution. Additionally, most colleges require completion of a 1-year compulsory rotating internship. Some institutions might also have a minimum aggregate percentage in MBBS, typically around 50-55%, for admission to the DDVL program.
Q: Which are the top colleges for DDVL in India offering admissions in 2026?
For 2026 admissions, some top colleges for Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL) in India include AIIMS Delhi, PGIMER Chandigarh, and Christian Medical College (CMC) Vellore. Other reputable institutions are Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai, and Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi. These colleges are highly sought after due to their excellent faculty, infrastructure, and clinical exposure, with limited seats often below 10-15 per institution.
Q: What is the average salary after Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL) in India in 2026?
The average salary after completing a Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL) in India in 2026 ranges from ₹6 LPA to ₹15 LPA for freshers. With 3-5 years of experience, a DDVL specialist can expect to earn ₹12 LPA to ₹25 LPA. Factors like location, type of hospital (government vs. private), and clinical skills significantly influence the earning potential of a DDVL graduate.
Q: What are the career opportunities after completing Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL)?
After completing the Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL), graduates have diverse career opportunities. They can work as Junior Consultants in dermatology departments of hospitals, start their own private practice, or join cosmetology clinics. Roles include Dermatologist, Venereologist, Leprologist, or Aesthetic Physician. The demand for DDVL specialists is projected to grow by over 15% in the next five years, especially in urban areas.
Q: Can I practice abroad after completing a Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL) from India?
Practicing abroad after a Diploma in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy (DDVL) from India is possible but requires specific country-wise registration and licensing. Many countries, like the UK or Canada, might require additional examinations (e.g., PLAB, MCCQE) or a higher qualification like an MD/DNB in Dermatology. Some Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries may recognize the DDVL with 2-3 years of experience, but direct equivalence is rare for a diploma-level qualification.
